What BPC-157 is
BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound 157; also referenced in patent literature as PL 14736) is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide corresponding to a partial sequence of a protein originally isolated from human gastric juice.[1] In preclinical literature it is described as a "cytoprotective" peptide with effects on tissue repair, angiogenesis, and gut-axis signaling observed across a broad range of injury models.[1][2] Its most-studied downstream effects cluster around wound healing and gastrointestinal protection; human clinical data remains limited.
Mechanism
Across published preclinical work, three converging pathways are described:
- VEGFR2 activation. BPC-157 has been reported to promote angiogenesis through activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 pathway, increasing endothelial cell migration and new capillary formation in wound models.[1][2]
- FAK-paxillin signaling. Focal-adhesion kinase and paxillin complexes are engaged in cell migration and attachment, both critical for wound closure.[1]
- JAK-2 signaling. The JAK-2 pathway — implicated in cell survival, cytokine response, and immune modulation — is also described as activated by BPC-157 in preclinical models.[1]
Reviews have additionally described effects on the brain–gut axis, nitric-oxide signaling, and dopaminergic/serotonergic modulation in animal models.[2] These remain preclinical findings.
Pharmacokinetics
A 2022 pharmacokinetic study in rats and beagle dogs by Xu et al. reported an elimination half-life of less than 30 minutes after single and repeat intravenous and intramuscular administration, with linear pharmacokinetic behavior across the tested dose range.[3] Reported absolute bioavailability by the intramuscular route was approximately 14–19% in rats and 45–51% in dogs. Distribution and excretion data are available in the same paper.
No peer-reviewed human pharmacokinetic study has been published as of this page's review date. Claims about subcutaneous half-life in humans are not supported by published data and should be treated as inference.
Storage and stability
- Lyophilized powder. Stored sealed per the supplier's certificate of analysis — typically refrigerated at 2–8 °C or frozen at −20 °C.
- After reconstitution. Published peptide-handling guidance commonly cites refrigerated stability at 2–8 °C for reconstituted preparations. Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) is typically selected because the preservative permits multiple draws over days to weeks when sterile technique is maintained. Sterile water without preservative is used when only a single draw is planned.
- Handling. Avoid freeze–thaw cycles after reconstitution, and avoid vigorous shaking (swirl to mix). Discard any solution that is cloudy or discolored.
Reconstitution math
Reconstitution is arithmetic, not medicine. The amount of bacteriostatic water you add to the vial determines the concentration. The concentration determines how many units on an insulin syringe equal a given mcg amount. Nothing about this arithmetic recommends a dose.
Example 1 · 5 mg vial + 2 mL bac water
concentration = 5 mg / 2 mL = 2.5 mg/mL = 2500 mcg/mL
1 mL = 100 units on a standard insulin syringe
→ 1 unit = 0.01 mL = 25 mcg
→ 100 mcg dose = 4 units
→ 250 mcg dose = 10 units
→ 500 mcg dose = 20 units
Example 2 · 5 mg vial + 3 mL bac water
concentration = 5 mg / 3 mL ≈ 1.667 mg/mL = 1667 mcg/mL
1 unit = 0.01 mL ≈ 16.67 mcg
→ 100 mcg dose ≈ 6 units
→ 250 mcg dose ≈ 15 units
→ 500 mcg dose ≈ 30 units
Example 3 · 10 mg vial + 2 mL bac water
concentration = 10 mg / 2 mL = 5 mg/mL = 5000 mcg/mL
1 unit = 0.01 mL = 50 mcg
→ 100 mcg dose = 2 units
→ 250 mcg dose = 5 units
→ 500 mcg dose = 10 units
Two people reconstituting the same vial can draw different unit counts for the same mcg dose — the only thing that matters is the ratio of mass in the vial to volume of diluent added. Record the concentration you used; the app will persist it per vial so math on the next draw stays consistent.
Frequently asked questions
How many units of bac water do you add to a 5 mg BPC-157 vial?
There is no single correct amount. A common choice is 2 mL of bacteriostatic water, producing a 2.5 mg/mL concentration — 10 units per 250 mcg. Using 3 mL gives ~15 units per 250 mcg. Using 5 mL gives 25 units per 250 mcg. The volume is a choice about how many units you want to draw per dose; it does not change the total drug in the vial.
How many units on an insulin syringe equal 250 mcg?
With 5 mg in 2 mL: 10 units. With 5 mg in 3 mL: about 15 units. With 10 mg in 2 mL: 5 units. The answer depends entirely on the concentration after reconstitution.
What is the half-life of BPC-157?
Published rat and beagle dog pharmacokinetic data reports an elimination half-life of less than 30 minutes after IV and IM dosing.[3] No peer-reviewed human half-life has been published.
How is reconstituted BPC-157 stored?
Refrigerated at 2–8 °C. Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) permits multi-draw use with sterile technique; sterile water is typically reserved for single-draw preparations. Discard cloudy or discolored solutions.
Is BPC-157 FDA-approved?
No. BPC-157 is not FDA-approved for any clinical indication. FDA's April 15, 2026 503A categories update listed BPC-157 in Category 2 while noting removal after seven calendar days because nominations were withdrawn, with FDA intending to consult PCAC on BPC-157-related substances on July 23, 2026.[5] This page does not recommend doses or acquisition channels.
Why do sources disagree about units per dose?
Because "units" on an insulin syringe measures volume, not mass (1 unit = 0.01 mL on a 100-unit syringe). The mcg per unit is determined by your reconstitution concentration. Two people with the same 5 mg vial can correctly draw different unit counts for the same mcg dose.
Primary references
- Seiwerth S, Milavić M, Vukojević J, et al. The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 — literature and patent review. mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/185
- Sikirić P, Rucman R, Turkovic B, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 may recover brain–gut axis and gut–brain axis function. PMC review, 2023. PMC10224484
- Xu C, Sun L, Ren F, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022 (PubMed 36588717). Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022
- Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, et al. Emerging use of BPC-157 in orthopaedic sports medicine: a systematic review. 2025. PMC12313605
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A. Updated April 15, 2026. FDA 503A categories update